Traits
From Destiny 2 Wiki
Traits is both a type of Weapon Perk and a type of Armor Perk.
Weapon Traits
Some of these perks will be familiar to Destiny 1 players. Zen Moment, Kill Clip (Reactive Reload in D1), Outlaw, Explosive Payload (Explosive Rounds in D1), are joined by newcomers like Dynamic Sway Reduction and Under Pressure. These perks have only a net benefit, and no trade-off, but you don't get any choice in which one the weapon has.
Armor Traits
These perks boost defensive stats further. Each armor piece will always offer a choice between two of the three Trait-type armor perks.